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Craniotomy / Brain Tumor Surgery Cost in India
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A brain tumor is abnormal growth of cells in your brain.

Craniotomy is a surgical procedure to remove the brain tumor or abnormal brain tissue from inside the skull.

During this procedure, Surgeon remove part of the bone from the skull to access The brain underneath that’s referred to as the ‘bone flap.  After the tumor is removed, surgeon will close the bone flap and replaced or covered with plates and screws or staples and may be covered with a soft bandage.

craniotomy may be done for following Reasons: –

• Removal Brain tumors
• Hematomas (Blood Clots)
• Tumor Biopsy
• Traumatic brain injury
• Hemorrhage Treatment
• Treatment of Aneurysms
• Repaired the Damaged tissue
• Abscesses Brain aneurysm repair
• Severe nerve or facial pain
• Epilepsy Treatment
• Repairing the Skull Fractures
• Brain Infection
• Remove an arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
• Arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
• Parkinson’s disease or dystonia with an internal stimulator device..

Diagnose Imaging for Brain Tumors

Doctor may order one or more imaging tests: –

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• MRI with contrast
• CT scan.
• CT angiography (CTA)
• Positron emission tomography (PET) or PET-CT scan
• Electroencephalography (EEG)

Brain Tumors

• A primary brain tumor starts with an abnormal brain cell and almost never spread to other parts of the body.
• A metastatic (secondary) tumor began in another part of the body. (such as lungs or breast) and then spreads to the brain,

There are 2 major types of brain tumor:

• Benign (non-cancerous) – Benign tumours are a slow-growing tumour and less likely to relapse after treatment. Common benign tumours include meningiomas, neuromas, pituitary tumours and craniopharyngiomas.
• Malignant (cancerous) – Malignant tumours are cancerous tumours which either start in the brain (primary) or aggressively spreads to other parts of the body. Common malignant tumours include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastomas and mixed gliomas.

How is a Brain Tumor Identified or Symptoms?

• Low blood pressure and Eye problems
• Obesity
• Sensitivity to heat or cold
• Changes in the person’s mental function
• Headaches, Seizures, Clumsiness and Dizziness
• Weakness in one part of the body
• Change in alertness (including sleepiness, unconsciousness, and coma)
• Changes in hearing, taste or smell and ability to feel pain, pressure, different temperatures, or other stimuli
• Confusion or Memory loss
• Difficulty swallowing, writing or reading
• Lack of control over the bladder or bowels
• Loss of balance, coordination
• Numbness or tingling on one side of the body
• Personality, mood, behavior, or emotional changes
• Trouble speaking or understanding others who are speaking and walking
• Abnormal nipple discharge
• Absent menstruation (periods)
• Enlarged hands and feet, Excessive body hair and Facial changes

Treatment Possibility in Brain Tumor

Various treatments are used to treat brain cancer, including:

• Surgery
  If the brain tumor is located in a place that makes it accessible for an operation, your surgeon will work to remove as much of your brain tumor as possible. In some cases, tumors are small and easy to separate from surrounding brain tissue, which makes complete surgical removal possible. In other cases, tumors can’t be separated from surrounding tissue or they’re located near sensitive areas in your brain, making surgery risky. In these situations your doctor may try to remove as much of the tumor as is safe. Even removing a portion of the brain tumor may help reduce your signs and symptoms. In some cases only a small biopsy is taken to confirm the diagnosis.
• Radio Surgery
  Stereotactic radio surgery (SRS) is not a form of surgery in the traditional sense. Instead, radio surgery uses multiple beams of radiation to give a highly focused form of radiation treatment to kill the tumor cells in a very small area. Each beam of radiation isn’t particularly powerful, but the point where all the beams meet — at the brain tumor — receives a very large dose of radiation to kill the tumor cells. Radio surgery is typically done in one treatment, and in most cases you can go home the same day.

• Radiation therapy
  Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill tumor cells. Radiation therapy can come from a machine outside your body (external beam radiation), or, in very rare cases, radiation can be placed inside your body close to your brain tumor (brachytherapy).External beam radiation can focus just on the area of your brain where the tumor is located, or it can be applied to your entire brain (whole brain radiation). Whole brain radiation is most often used to treat cancer that has spread to the brain from some other part of the body.

• Chemotherapy
  Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill tumor cells. Chemotherapy drugs can be taken orally in pill form or injected into a vein (intravenously). The chemotherapy drug used most often to treat brain tumors is temozolomide (Temodar), which is taken as a pill. Many other chemotherapy drugs are available and may be used depending on the type of cancer. Another type of chemotherapy can be placed during surgery. When removing all or part of the brain tumor, your surgeon may place one or more disk-shaped wafers in the space left by the tumor. These wafers slowly release a chemotherapy drug over the next several days.

Commonly Questions Asked by patient

Q. What Are the Possible Risks of Craniotomy?

• Loss of memory
• Difficulty in speech or learning
• Brain Swelling or fluid collection in the brain
• Coma: If brain surgery is unsuccessful, a patient may fall into a lengthy period of unconsciousness called coma.
• Seizures

Q. How long will I be in the hospital?

• Most people stay in the hospital 4-5 (4 days in ward + 1 Day in ICU) days depending on the condition of patient.

Q. Preparation Before Craniotomy?

• Several Investigation will get done before (e.g. chest X-ray, blood test, electrocardiogram etc.)
• Your Doctor will take medical history of patient; patient consent will require to proceed the surgery.
• The patient needs to stop taking all anti-inflammatory non-steroidal medicines and blood thinners 1-2 weeks before the surgery.
• The patient should not eat or drink anything one night before the surgery.
• Post-Surgery, Patient can take a soft diet for 2-3 days depending on patient condition.
• ·         Post-surgery, patient recovery takes 6-8 weeks’ time and slowly-slowly he can start basis activity in supervision of his doctor and patient will need a regular follow-up with his surgeon.
• Yes, Patient feels pain on the site of surgery and he may feel body pain and weakness. Your commonly doctor advise you to take pain relief medicine.

Q. When will I be able to eat and drink?

• Post-Surgery, Patient can take a soft diet for 2-3 days depending on patient condition

Q. How long it will take in Recovery After Craniotomy?

• Post-surgery, patient recovery takes 6-8 weeks’ time and slowly-slowly he can start basis activity in supervision of his doctor and patient will need a regular follow-up with his surgeon.

Q. Is Craniotomy painful?

• Yes, Patient feels pain on the site of surgery and he may feel body pain and weakness. Your commonly doctor advise you to take pain relief medicine

Q.  Will I have to take medication after my surgery?

Yes, Your Surgeon may advise you some medicine

• Antibiotics to prevent infection
• Medicine for prevent constipation
• Pain Relief Medicine
• Medicine for decreasing swelling in the brain
• Medicine for gas or
• Medicine for prevent seizures
• Entire incision area may be shaved.

Q. Will my head be shaved?

• Entire incision area may be shaved

Q.  When will my stiches removed?

• Generally, stiches removed after 10-14 days from the surgery.

Q. What are the restrictions of the patient post craniotomy surgery?

• Patient need to avoid lifting heavy weight, avoid to take Alcohol, Caffeine. avoid work-outs and running, no pushing & pulling activity, Patient must take rest for next 4-6 weeks after surgery.

Q. When can I go back to work?

• If your work requires heavy physical activity, You should wait till your complete recovery or you may take advise from your doctor.

Q. What is cost of Craniotomy / Brain Tumor Surgery in India ?

• Between 5000-6000 USD depending on patient condition.